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Summary: GigaSpaces JavaSpaces API Plain Old .NET Object support – the PONO.
OverviewGigaSpaces PONO (Plain Old .NET Object) API framework allows .NET users to perform space operations using .NET business objects. The .NET objects are transformed into space Entries, transparently allowing the .NET application to write, read, take and get notifications. This section describes the space operations you can perform, the different class attributes, and the utility classes provided.
API Enhancements – 5.2The following .NET enhancements have been added in GigaSpaces version 5.2:
Environment Settings<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <configSections> <sectionGroup name="userSettings" type="System.Configuration.UserSettingsGroup, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" > <section name="GigaSpaces.Properties.PONO" type="System.Configuration.ClientSettingsSection, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" allowExeDefinition="MachineToLocalUser" requirePermission="false" /> <section name="GigaSpaces.PONO" type="System.Configuration.ClientSettingsSection, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" allowExeDefinition="MachineToLocalUser" requirePermission="false" /> </sectionGroup> </configSections> <userSettings> <GigaSpaces.Properties.PONO> <setting name="JVMMinSize" serializeAs="String"> <value>64</value> </setting> <setting name="JVMMaxSize" serializeAs="String"> <value>256</value> </setting> <setting name="JSHOMEDIR" serializeAs="String"> <value>f:\GigaSpacesEE5.1\</value> </setting> </GigaSpaces.Properties.PONO> <GigaSpaces.PONO> <setting name="JVMMinSize" serializeAs="String"> <value>64</value> </setting> <setting name="JVMMaxSize" serializeAs="String"> <value>256</value> </setting> </GigaSpaces.PONO> </userSettings> </configuration> STANDARD and DIRECT ModeYou can instruct the system to use the PONO DIRECT mode, as opposed to the PONO STANDARD mode:
By default, GigaSpaces uses STANDARD mode. If you want to switch to DIRECT mode, change the add key element value attribute in the <GigaSpaces Root>\dotnet\lib\GsSerializer.dll.config file from STANDARD to DIRECT. The GsSerializer.dll.config file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="MarshallingMode" value="STANDARD" /> </appSettings> </configuration>
After specifying one of the modes in the GsSerializer.dll.config file, there is nothing else you need to do – using PONOs is the same with both modes, as specified in the sections below.
AttributesAttributes are declarative tags that can be used to annotate types or class members, thereby modifying their meaning or customizing their behavior. This descriptive information provided by the attribute is stored as metadata in a .NET assembly, and can be extracted either at design time or at runtime using reflection. GigaSpaces .NET framework supports attributes to define the space class meta data information. Below is an example for a .NET business class using attributes: using GigaSpaces; using System.Text; // Marks the class as persistable. // This is equivalent to calling makeTransient on an ExternalEntry. [Persist(true)] // Marks the class as Replicatable. // This is equivalent to calling setReplicatable on an ExternalEntry. [Replicate(true)] public class Person { // Key is used to indicate uniqe field value. This field value is used to generate the Entry UID // Index is used indicate indexed field [Key , Index] public string user_id = null; public string name = null; // Nullable is used to indicate a value to be considered as null when object used as a template [Index , Nullable("-1")] public int age = -1; public string birthDay = null; [Index, Nullable("-1")] public long phone = -1; [Index, Nullable("-1.0")] public float weight = -1; [VersionID] public int versionid; // Sets the routing field name to be the first index for partition [RoutingIndex] public string RoutingIndex; [Index, Nullable("-1.0")] public double height = -1; public Person(){ } }
Class-Level AttributesFifo AttributeThe [Fifo] attribute instructs GigaSpaces to write the Entry into the space in FIFO mode. This allows notifications and take operations in FIFO mode.
Persist AttributeThe [Persist] attribute persists the PONO under this attribute – saves it in the database. Replicate AttributeWhen running in partial replication mode, the [Replicate] attribute replicates all PONOs under this attribute to a target space or spaces. Field-Level AttributesKey AttributeThe [Key] attribute instructs GigaSpaces to use this field value to be the base of the Entry's UID. This field value must include a unique value. When performing update operations, you must have this attribute defined for one of the fields.
The [Key] attribute includes an auto-generate option, meaning, defining [Key(true)] instructs the space to automatically generate the PONO's ID (key value). For example: {
// Marks the field to hold the UID of the entry.
// Specify autoGenerate=true to make GigaSpaces generate a unique UID for
// you, and store it in the field.
[Key(true)]
public string PersonID;
}
Index AttributeThe [Index] field attribute instructs the space to index the field data. Indexing speeds up read and take operations using templates the SQLQuery and impacts write and update performance operations.
Nullable AttributeThe [Nullable] attribute instructs GigaSpaces to ignore this field when performing matching or partial update. VersionID AttributeThe [VersionID] attribute instructs GigaSpaces to store the Entry's Version ID into the PONO field. The VersionID field is incremented with every PONO update.
RoutingIndex AttributeThe [RoutingIndex] attribute routs the PONO field under this attribute to the relevant space. This is done using hash-based load-balancing.
Space OperationsGetting the Space ProxyGetting a space proxy is done via the GigaSpace class. GigaSpace proxy = new GigaSpace(spaceURL);
Writing an Object to SpaceLeaseImpl Parameter | UpdateModifiers Parameter | ReadTakeModifiers Parameter | Template Construction | Reading an Entry from the Space | Taking an Entry from Space | ExternalEntry Usage | Introducing Class to Space | Notifications | Querying the Space | Iterating the Space | Batch Operations | UpdateNoReturn and UpdateMultipleNoReturn | Transactions | Admin API
When writing your objects to the space, construct the object as usual and use the GigaSpace.write operation: Person p = new Person(); p.user_id = "011-1111111"; p.name = "Kermit the frog"; p.age = 38; p.birthDay = "01/01/1967"; p.height = 6.2; p.phone = 9783698583L; p.weight = 200.5F; proxy.write(p, txn, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); This call generates a new Entry inside the space. LeaseImpl ParameterThe LeaseImpl defines a certain timeout for the GigaSpace.write and the GigaSpace.update operations. The timeouts you can specify are: ABSOLUTE, ANY, DURATION, and FOREVER (the same use as in the Lease interface; see Javadoc). class WikiDemo
{
private void LeaseIMPLDemo()
{
GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache");
object entry = new object();
// LeaseIMPL contains time/duration related values which are commonly used in space operations.
// For Example:
space.write(entry, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER);
// More info: http://java.sun.com/products/jini/2.0/doc/api/net/jini/core/lease/Lease.html
}
UpdateModifiers ParameterThe UpdateModifiers modifier is used as a parameter in the GigaSpace.write operation, and includes the following options: PARTIAL_UPDATE, UPDATE_ONLY, UPDATE_OR_WRITE (see About Space Operations), WRITE_ONLY (the same use as in the Java UpdateModifiers class; see Javadoc). private void UpdateModifiersDemo() { GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache"); object entry = new object(); // UpdateModifiers contains values to customize the behaviour of write/update operations. // For example: in this write operation, if entry already exists in space an EntryAlreadyInSpaceException will be thrown. space.write(entry, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER, 0, GigaSpaces.UpdateModifiers.WRITE_ONLY); // More info: /docs/JavaDoc/com/j_spaces/core/client/UpdateModifiers.html }
ReadTakeModifiers ParameterThe ReadTakeModifiers modifier is used as a parameter in the GigaSpace.write operation, and includes the following options: DIRTY_READ, and EXCLUSIVE_READ_LOCK (see Exclusive Read Lock) – the same use as in the Java ReadTakeModifiers class; see Javadoc. private void ReadTakeModifiersDemo() { GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache"); object entry = new object(); // ReadTakeModifiers contains values to customize the behaviour of read/take operations. // Use space.getReadTakeModifiers() and space.setReadTakeModifiers() to control the space behaviour. // For example: space.setReadTakeModifiers(GigaSpaces.ReadTakeModifiers.DIRTY_READ); entry = space.read(new object(), null, 0); // More info: docs/JavaDoc/com/j_spaces/core/client/ReadTakeModifiers.html }
Template ConstructionTemplates are used with read, take, notify, NotifyDelegator, readMultiple, takeMultiple, GSIterator. The template object should include a nullable value indication as part of the object fields that should be ignored when matching is performed. The simple way to do this is to decorate the class with the [Nullable] attribute with a value that represents null, and have this value as the default value for the field when constructing the object. Reading an Entry from the SpaceTo get a specific object copy from the space, you should use the GigaSpace.read operation and provide the relevant template. The template should have values to the fields you would like to use for matching, and nullable values for all the rest of the fields. Person pTemplate = new Person(); pTemplate.user_id = "011-1111111"; Person resultRead = (Person)proxy.read(pTemplate, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); When you would like to get a copy of an object that is from specific class type regardless its values you should construct a template from the relevant class without specifying any values for its fields: Person pTemplate = new Person(); Person resultRead = (Person)proxy.read(pTemplate, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); Taking an Entry from SpaceTo get a copy of your object from the space and remove it from the space in one automatic operation: Person pTemplate = new Person(); pTemplate.user_id = "011-1111111"; Person resultTake = (Person)proxy.Take(pTemplate, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); ExternalEntry UsageWhen using ExternalEntry as template for the GigaSpace.read/GigaSpace.take operations PONO is returned back.
Introducing Class to SpaceThe GigaSpace.snapshot() method should be used to explicitly introduce .NET business classes to the space. proxy.snapshot(new Person());
NotificationsYou can register for notifications via the NotifyDelegator class (com.j_spaces.core.client.NotifyDelegator; see Javadoc). In .NET, the NotifyDelegator is generic, meaning it is defined per specific type, where the type given is the name of the PONO you want to define the NotifyDelegator for. For example: public void NotifyDelegatorDemo() { GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache"); object entry = new object(); // NotifyDelegator provides a way to receive event notifications. // More info: docs/JavaDoc/com/j_spaces/core/client/NotifyDelegator.html // Create a listener: MyListener listener = new MyListener(); // Create a notification delegator: NotifyDelegator<object> notifyDelegator = new NotifyDelegator<object>( space, // Space to subscribe to space.Converter.getNullTemplateEntry(new object()), // template to inspect null, // Transaction listener, // Event listener LeaseImpl.FOREVER, // Lease time null, // Handback object false, // FIFO Enabled NotifyModifiers.NOTIFY_ALL);// Notification modifiers // This write operation will trigger a notification of type write to occur on listener. space.write(new object(), null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); } The NotifyDelegator includes a listener (a callback method invoked by the space) which implements INotifyDelegator. Furthermore, the object data field is included in the notify() method, which holds the Entry/PONO that triggered the event. The INotifyDelegator is also generic, meaning it is defined for a certain type/PONO. For example: private class MyListener : INotifyDelegator<object> { #region INotifyDelegator<object> Members // Old style event: public void notify(RemoteEvent theEvent) { EntryArrivedRemoteEvent arrivedRemoteEvent = (EntryArrivedRemoteEvent)theEvent; ExternalEntry ee = (ExternalEntry)arrivedRemoteEvent.getEntry(true); Console.WriteLine("Got Notification for " + getNotifyType(arrivedRemoteEvent.getNotifyType())); } // New style event: public void notify(RemoteEvent theEvent, object data) { EntryArrivedRemoteEvent arrivedRemoteEvent = (EntryArrivedRemoteEvent)theEvent; ExternalEntry ee = (ExternalEntry)data(true); Console.WriteLine("Got Notification for " + getNotifyType(arrivedRemoteEvent.getNotifyType())); } #endregion private static String getNotifyType(int notifyType) { String desc = ""; if (NotifyModifiers.isWrite(notifyType)) desc = "Write"; if (NotifyModifiers.isTake(notifyType)) desc = "Take"; if (NotifyModifiers.isLeaseExpiration(notifyType)) desc = "LeaseExpiration"; if (NotifyModifiers.isUpdate(notifyType)) desc = "Update"; if (NotifyModifiers.isALL(notifyType)) desc = "ALL"; return desc; } }
Converting ExternalEntry to .NET ObjectConverting a .NET ExternalEntry object to a .NET object is done in the following manner: public void notify(RemoteEvent theEvent) { EntryArrivedRemoteEvent arrivedRemoteEvent = (EntryArrivedRemoteEvent)theEvent; ExternalEntry ee = (ExternalEntry)arrivedRemoteEvent.getEntry(true); object obj = proxy.Converter.getObject(ee); } Querying the SpaceYou can query the space using a SQLQuery. The SQLQuery should be constructed and passed as the template argument to the read, take, readMultiple or takeMultiple operations. SQLQuery query = new SQLQuery("Person", "height >= 30 and height < 50"); Object [] persons_read = proxy.readMultiple(query, null, 2000); If you are using GigaSpaces version 5.2.2 and onwards, you can query the space using the SqlQuery wrapper, in the following way: SqlQuery<Person> query = new SqlQuery<Person>("height >= 30 and height < 50"); Object[] persons_read = proxy.readMultiple(query, null, 2000);
Iterating the SpaceYou can iterate the space using the GSIterator. The GSIterator can take a collection of templates as an argument. ArrayList templates = new ArrayList(); templates.add(new ExternalEntry("Person", null, null)); GSIterator iterator = new GSIterator(proxy.Space, templates, 1000, true, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); while (iterator.hasNext()) { ExternalEntry ee = (ExternalEntry)iterator.next(); Console.WriteLine (proxy.Converter.getObject(ee)); } It is now possible to convert your object to an ExternalEntry (using the Converter) instead of creating a new ExternalEntry: private void GSIteratorDemo() { GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache"); object entry = new object(); // GSIterator provides a way to iterate through entries matching templates one at a time. // More info: docs/JavaDoc/com/j_spaces/core/client/GSIterator.html // Example: // Create a list of interesting templates: ArrayList templates = new ArrayList(); templates.add(entry); // Create an iterator: GSIterator iterator = space.GSIterator( templates, // List of templates to match 1000, // Buffer size true, // use history LeaseImpl.FOREVER); // Lease time // Use a simple loop to iterate through the results one at a time: int count = 0; while (iterator.hasNext()) { ExternalEntry ee = (ExternalEntry)iterator.next(); Console.WriteLine((count++) + " " + space.Converter.getObject(ee)); } // Cancel the iterator: iterator.cancel(); }
If you are using GigaSpaces version 5.2.2 and onwards, you can query the space using the GSIterator wrapper, in the following way: object template = new Person(); GSIterator iterator = new GSIterator(proxy, template, 1000, true, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); foreach (Person person in iterator) { Console.WriteLine ("Height=" + person.height); }
Batch OperationsYou can perform batch operations using writeMultiple, readMultiple, takeMultiple, or updateMultiple. When using writeMultiple or updateMultiple, you should construct an array of objects that you would like to store or update inside the space. writeMultiplePerson[] persons = new Person[10] ; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { persons[i]= new Person(); persons[i].user_id = "011-1111111_" +i; persons[i].name = "Kermit the frog" + i; persons[i].age = 38 ; persons[i].birthDay = "01/01/1967"; persons[i].height = 6.2 + i; persons[i].phone = 9783698583L + i; persons[i].weight = 200.5F + i; } Lease[] leases = proxy.writeMultiple(persons, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); updateMultiplePerson templateAge = new Person(); templateAge.age = 38; persons_read = proxy.readMultiple(templateAge, null, 10000); proxy.updateMultiple(persons_read, null, new long[10]); UpdateNoReturn and UpdateMultipleNoReturnWhen UpdateMultipleNoReturn() is defined, updateMultiple() is performed without returning the PONO itself. Therefore, the code is freed right after performing the operation. The same is correct for UpdateNoReturn() and update(). For example: private void UpdateNoReturnDemo() { GigaSpace space = new GigaSpace("/./myCache"); object entry = new object(); // updateNoReturn() is equivalent to update(), except it does not return the converted result. // The same goes for updateMultipleNoReturn() and updateMultiple(). // For example: space.updateNoReturn(entry, null, LeaseImpl.FOREVER, 0, GigaSpaces.UpdateModifiers.UPDATE_OR_WRITE); }
TransactionsYou can use the Local Transaction Manager or the Distributed Transaction Manager. Constructing Local Transaction Manager
LocalTransactionManager tm = new LocalTransactionManager(proxy.Space);
proxy.write(p, txn, LeaseImpl.FOREVER);
txn.commit(1000);
Constructing Distributed Transaction Managerjava.lang.Class txclass = java.lang.Class.forName("net.jini.core.transaction.server.TransactionManager"); TransactionManagerImpl tm = (TransactionManagerImpl)LookupFinder.find( null, // service name new java.lang.Class[] { txclass }, // service class name null, // service attributes "localhost", // unicast lookup host null, // lookup groups 10*1000); // timeout 10 seconds proxy.write(p, txn, LeaseImpl.FOREVER); txn.commit(1000);
Committing and Aborting the Jini TransactionWhen using the Jini Transaction Manager, you should consider using the Transaction.commit(long waitFor) and Transaction.abort(long waitFor) methods. These return an acknowledgement to the caller application only after the transaction commit or abort operation has been fully completed by all transaction participants, or until the timeout period expired. The waitFor parameter timeout allows you to choose the maximum amount of time you would like to wait for the transaction to be completed by all participants. Make sure you do not define a large number (in milliseconds), because one of the transaction participants might hang without returning to the caller. This results in client hang. This does not occur when using the Local Transaction Manager, because the client gets the acknowledgement for the commit or abort operation only after the space has completed the commit or abort processing.
Admin APIClean MethodTo clean all space Entries and notify templates, call the GigaSpace.clean() method. When the space is persistent using the JDBC SA or using an indexed file, data is removed. proxy.clean() Clear MethodTo remove Entries based on a given template with or without transactions, use the GigaSpace.clear() method: proxy.clear(new Person() , null) Setting Security ContextWhen a space is running in secured mode, the space proxy should have user credentials using the setSecurityContext method: SecurityContext sc = new SecurityContext("user" , "password"); proxy.Space.setSecurityContext(sc); With each space operation, the space performs the required authorization based on the security roles defined for the user.
Getting Space ConfigurationYou can get space configuration using the IRemoteJSpaceAdmin interface: IRemoteJSpaceAdmin spaceadmin = (IRemoteJSpaceAdmin)proxy.Space.getAdmin(); SpaceConfig config = spaceadmin.getConfig(); If the space is running in secured mode, you need to set the security context. dropClass MethodYou may drop a class and all its instances including its notify templates using the dropClass method: IRemoteJSpaceAdmin spaceadmin = (IRemoteJSpaceAdmin)proxy.Space.getAdmin(); spaceadmin.dropClass(p.GetType().Name); InheritanceGigaSpaces .NET framework supports matching a query based on sub-classes. This means the query potential result-set spans the template class and all its sub-classes. When performing matching with read, take, notify, or GSIterator, the template class sub-classes instances might be returned to the caller.
Marshaling and SerializationWhen the .NET business class instance is stored in the space, its primitive fields are converted into relevant Java data types. See the mapping below:
.Net to Java Mapping:
All non-primitive types are serialized or de-serialized using GigaSpaces .NET serialization technology. When the PONO is stored inside the space, the non-primitive field data is transformed into byte array and stored as one buffer inside the relevant Entry field. When reading or taking an Entry, the buffer is deserialized and materialized to the relevant .Net class.
The ObjTypeMarshal allows you to define the marshalling function that is used when serializing or deserializing non-primitive fields. Local View SupportThe PONO Local View differs from the JavaSpaces Local View. Construct the PONO local view as follows: public class Person { [GigaSpaces.Key] public int id; public string name; } public GigaSpace CreateView(GigaSpace space) { ExternalEntry ex = space.Converter.getExternalEntry(new Person()); View[] views = new View[2]; java.util.Properties p = new java.util.Properties(); p.put("views", (java.lang.ObjectArray)new View[2] { new View(ex, "name='Lior'"), new View(ex, "name='Guy'") }); return new GigaSpace("rmi://localhost/./mySpace", p); }
VM LoaderYou can control the VM library loaded into the process using the GigaSpace.loader field. The GigaSpace.loader includes methods that allow you to specify VM properties. GigaSpace.loader.InitialHeapSizeInMB = 512;
GigaSpace.loader.MaximumHeapSizeInMB = 1024;
GigaSpace.loader.Load();
GigaSpace space = GigaSpaces.GigaSpace("/./myCache");
Below is a list of attributes and methods of the GigaSpace.loader. Public Properties:
Public Methods:
ConverterAddMapping | addNewAssembly | DumpInfo | getExternalEntry | getNullTemplateEntry | getTemplateEntry | GetTracer | indexFields
The Converter is either implicitly invoked by the API or explicitly invoked by the user to marshall data in and out of the ExternalEntry. ExternalEntry is a special kind of JavaSpaces Entry that allows users to fill in data using simple methods, and to form standard Jini Entries without implementing the Entry interface or defining public attributes. ExternalEntry objects can be used with all space operations – write, read, take, notify, update, writeMultiple, readMultiple, writeMultiple, updateMultiple and takeMultiple. The Convertor is an internal facility that converts PONO objects to ExternalEntry and ExternalEntry to PONO. The Converter allows you to explicitly convert .NET business objects to GigaSpaces Entry representation – the ExternalEntry. You can access the Converter from the space proxy using the GigaSpaces.Converter field. The Converter includes the following routines: AddMappingAllows you to add new mapping types when performing serialization.
The Converter adds this to each map in the thread local storage. When serializing, the delegated function is called by the inspector. In order to identify that it's an additional type, the code 777 is used (variable customCode). addNewAssemblyUsed to analyze and cache the meta data contained in a given assembly for use by the converter. This method call is only required if the objects you wish to marshall exist outside of the currently executing program. For example, where classes are present inside another .NET assembly such as a class library.
DumpInfoPrints the Converter information to the trace file. Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Converter GlobalTypes: Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: MyListener Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Person Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Application Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Converter Assemblies: Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: MyListener Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Person Thread ID: 10 23/08/06, 12:52:33: Application getExternalEntryGets an ExternalEntry that represents the user's object. getNullTemplateEntryGets a blank ExternalEntry for the user's object, useful as a wildcard template. The getNullTemplateEntry constructs an instance of the user's object based on the GigaSpaces ExternalEntry. getTemplateEntryGets a template ExternalEntry for the user's object, useful as a wildcard template. The getTemplateEntryCreates creates an ExternalEntry suitable for use as a search template. Only the field names specified in the args list will be included in the template. GetTracerGets an instance of the Tracer. indexFieldsAdd Indexed Fields to the ExternalEntry object TracingOverview | Tracing Functions | GetInstance | SetSevirity | Tracer Method | Trace(string) | Trace(string, Sevirity) | TraceNow(string) | Trace(Exception) | Flush
OverviewThe Tracer is a singleton object used for printing messages to a log file. The Tracer creates a file called gigaspaces.log under the default directory in which the process is running (next to the gs_jini_services_0.log). To get a handle to the Tracer, use: GSTracer.Tracer.GetInstacne() Tracing FunctionsAutomatically logs the date, time and thread ID of all messages. GetInstanceGets an instance of the Tracer. SetSevirityThe Tracer can work in 5 different severities: Off, Low, Medium, High, VeryHigh. The SetSevirity method is used to set the severity. The Tracer logs any message with an equal or higher severity. For example, severity = High logs high messages and very high messages. The default value is set to High. Most trace messages are classified as Low, and high messages are only exceptions and error messages. Therefore, normally no traces should be logged unless there is an exception. Tracer MethodThe SetTraceMethod determines the mode the tracer works in: Buffer or File. The Tracer stores the messages in memory. The buffer is saved to the log file in two cases:
Trace(string)Used for simply printing a message. Since no severity is defined for the message, it is printed in any case. Trace(string, Sevirity)Traces according to the severity. If the severity is lower then the tracer setting, the function doesn't trace anything. TraceNow(string)Traces a message and prints it directly (in buffer mode it flushes the buffer). Trace(Exception)Prints the exception and the stack trace. FlushFlushes the tracer data. |
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